What can be added into an estimate to cover unexpected expenses?

The inclusion of contingency costs in an estimate is a best practice in project budgeting, particularly in construction and contracting. Contingency costs are specifically meant to address unexpected expenses that may arise during a project, which can include unforeseen circumstances such as delays, price increases for materials, or unexpected changes in project scope. By incorporating a contingency amount, contractors can better manage risk and ensure that they have the financial flexibility to accommodate these surprises without putting the overall project or their profit at risk.

This approach allows for a more robust financial plan by acknowledging that not everything can be predicted at the outset of a project. By setting aside a certain percentage of the total budget for contingencies, contractors can maintain control over their finances while still achieving the project's objectives.

Other options, while they are firm components of a budget, do not specifically address unexpected costs in the same way. Extra charges may not be clearly defined or may depend on client approval. Profit margins refer to the expected profit from the project rather than a buffer for unforeseen expenses. Labor costs are necessary for the project but do not encompass the unpredictable nature of additional expenses that may arise.